\documentclass[11pt]{amsart} \usepackage[margin=1.1in]{geometry} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm,mathtools} \usepackage{graphicx,booktabs,enumitem,longtable} \usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref} \hypersetup{pdftitle={Smale's sixth problem for five bodies in the plane, with a proof formalized in Lean}, pdfauthor={Tejasvi Singh Tomar}} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition} \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition} \theoremstyle{remark} \newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark} \numberwithin{equation}{section} \setlength{\emergencystretch}{2em} % % \newif\ifpendingfatal \ifdefined\PENDINGFATAL\pendingfataltrue\fi \newcommand{\pending}[1]{\ifpendingfatal\errmessage{PENDING TEXT LEFT IN THE PAPER}\fi\textbf{[PENDING: }#1\textbf{]}} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}} \newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}} \newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\cA}{\mathcal{A}} \newcommand{\cC}{\mathcal{C}} \newcommand{\cD}{\mathcal{D}} \newcommand{\cP}{\mathcal{P}} \newcommand{\cZ}{\mathcal{Z}} \newcommand{\cW}{\mathcal{W}} \newcommand{\cN}{\mathcal{N}} \newcommand{\one}{\mathbb{1}} \newcommand{\jj}{\mathrm{j}} \newcommand{\val}{\operatorname{val}} \newcommand{\ord}{\operatorname{ord}} \newcommand{\Res}{\operatorname{Res}} \newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}} \newcommand{\relint}{\operatorname{relint}} \newcommand{\conv}{\operatorname{conv}} \newcommand{\cl}{\operatorname{cl}} \newcommand{\lab}[1]{\mathsf{#1}} \newcommand{\pc}[1]{\mathsf{#1}} \newcommand{\bone}{\mathbf{b}_1} \newcommand{\btwo}{\mathbf{b}_2} \newcommand{\hone}{\mathbf{h}_1} \newcommand{\htwo}{\mathbf{h}_2} \newcommand{\hthree}{\mathbf{h}_3} \newcommand{\Vtwo}{V_2} \newcommand{\VN}{V_N} \begin{document} \title[Smale's sixth problem for five bodies in the plane]{Smale's sixth problem for five bodies in the plane,\\ with a proof formalized in Lean} \author{Tejasvi Singh Tomar} \address{Independent researcher} \renewcommand{\urladdrname}{{\itshape ORCID}} \urladdr{\href{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-3639}{https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-3639}} \subjclass[2020]{70F10, 70F15, 14Q20, 65G40} \keywords{Central configurations, relative equilibria, five-body problem, Smale's sixth problem, singular sequences, Puiseux series, computer-assisted proof} \input{sec/abstract} \maketitle \input{sec/s1_intro} \input{sec/s2_setup} \input{sec/s3_types} \input{sec/s4_lex} \input{sec/s5_energy} \input{sec/s5_points} \input{sec/s6_near} \input{sec/s8_curves} \input{sec/s9_rays} \input{sec/s10_proof} \input{sec/s11_verification} \appendix \input{sec/a_appendix} \section*{Use of AI tools} Generative AI tools were used to find and prove the results, to write the programs and the Lean formalization, and to draft the text. \input{sec/refs} \end{document}