\documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm,booktabs,array} \usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref} \setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma} \newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition} \newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary} \theoremstyle{definition}\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition} \theoremstyle{remark}\newtheorem{remark}[theorem]{Remark} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbf R}\newcommand{\C}{\mathbf C} \newcommand{\Z}{\mathbf Z}\newcommand{\tr}{\operatorname{tr}} \newcommand{\Nd}{N_{\mathrm d}}\newcommand{\one}{\mathbf 1} \title{Cubic augmentation of a two-moment model:\\ an exact finite absorption theorem and its limits} \author{Kunal Tyagi\thanks{\texttt{hello.jay.tyagi@gmail.com}. \emph{Use of AI.} The original work used Claude (Anthropic). This revision, proof review, and companion certificates used OpenAI Codex. The author directed the work and is responsible for the content. Code and publication artifacts: \url{https://github.com/x67ai/riemann-rh-program}.}} \date{August 26, 2026; revised October 18, 2026 (version 2)} \hypersetup{pdftitle={Cubic augmentation of a two-moment model: an exact finite absorption theorem and its limits},pdfauthor={Kunal Tyagi}} \begin{document}\maketitle \begin{abstract} We study adjoining a half-bandwidth signed cubic trace and a spectral count ladder to a bandwidth-one trace/Frobenius model motivated by zeta-zero certificates. In a finite circle model with mass $N=64$, flat windows, and explicit budget centers, we prove exact absorption over the full atom-only class: the augmented and baseline optima agree for both the distinct-count and simple-fraction objectives. Three explicitly specified integer-marked grid columns attain the lower bounds. Their mixing weights are defined algebraically, and an Arb certificate proves all strict feasibility and inertia inequalities. The witness satisfies the ladder at every positive threshold, not just on a finite threshold grid. We also give the exact conjugate-pair spectrum, the isolated-block cubic identity, grid Parseval, and the sharp conditional spectral-capacity constant $2\sqrt2$. The result is a finite model theorem, not an unconditional statement about zeta zeros. Version 2 corrects an infeasible witness, a cubic-tolerance mismatch, and an incorrect rationality claim in version 1. Global absorption in the pair-containing or pinned classes remains unproved; equality on a searched column dictionary and heuristic pricing do not establish it. \end{abstract} \section{Problem, contribution and revision} The two-moment certificate in the work of Alp\"oge and Furman \cite{AF26} motivates adding a signed cubic trace at a second bandwidth. Classical higher-level correlations \cite{RS96} suggest suitable model budgets, but passing from those correlation statements to every row of a particular finite model is an additional task. We make the model and its proved scope explicit. The main result is Theorem~\ref{thm:main}: one precisely specified $N=64$ flat-window atom-only model has an exactly base-optimal law satisfying its half-bandwidth Frobenius row, cubic row and all-threshold count ladder. The proof combines an analytic atom-only lower bound with a finite algebraic construction and certified interval inequalities. It does not require optimizing over a numerically generated dictionary. \paragraph{Correction of version 1.} Version 1, titled \emph{The two-moment certificate is robust under Rudnick--Sarnak-range cubic augmentation with capacity control}, stated broader exact absorption claims than its proofs and computations supported. Those full-class conclusions are withdrawn. Its printed clean-grid witness missed the implemented cubic band, its displayed cubic tolerance differed from the code's, and selected row values are irrational algebraic numbers, not rational numbers. This revision replaces the witness and states its budgets exactly. Section~\ref{sec:limits} separates the theorem proved here, the earlier numerical observations, and the open analytic bridges. \section{The finite model}\label{sec:model} Fix a circle of circumference $N$ and a finite symmetric integer band $B$, with uniform harmonic weights $1/M$, $M=|B|$. A configuration consists of real positions $\theta_a$ with positive integer marks $m_a$, and optionally conjugate pairs $\theta_p\pm id_p$ of common positive integer mark $m_p$. Positions are taken modulo $N$. Its total mass is $\sum_a m_a+2\sum_p m_p=N$. Put \[ c_s=\sum_a m_a e^{-2\pi i s\theta_a/N} +2\sum_p m_p\cosh(2\pi s d_p/N)e^{-2\pi i s\theta_p/N}, \qquad H_B[j,k]=\frac{c_{j-k}}{M}\quad(j,k\in B). \] The identity $c_{-s}=\overline{c_s}$ makes $H_B$ Hermitian and $\tr H_B=N$. At the two bands used here, \[ B_1=\{-32,\ldots,32\},\quad M_1=65, \qquad B'=\{-16,\ldots,16\},\quad M'=33, \] write $F_1=\tr H_{B_1}^2$, $F'=\tr H_{B'}^2$, $C'=\tr H_{B'}^3$, and $n(V)=\#\{\lambda\in\operatorname{Spec}(H_{B'}):|\lambda|\ge V\}$. An \emph{atom-only} configuration has no conjugate pairs; its matrices are positive semidefinite. Marks at coincident real positions are combined. Its objectives are $\Nd=\#\{a\}$ and $p_1=\#\{a:m_a=1\}/N$. A law is a probability distribution on configurations, with finite expected $F_1$; each constraint below is an expectation constraint. \subsection{Exact budgets and the meaning of the cubic slack} All decimal constants in the following display mean exact rational numbers: \begin{align*} N&=64,&\varepsilon&=0.05=1/20,&C_{\mathrm{led}}&=10,\\ B_1^{\mathrm{cen}}&=84.71214548308222, &B_2^{\mathrm{cen}}&=135.09544203420174, &B_3^{\mathrm{cen}}&=304.5549106659001. \end{align*} The superscript distinguishes a budget center from a harmonic band. Below, write $b_j=B_j^{\mathrm{cen}}$ and $U=b_1(1+\varepsilon)$. These are fixed model parameters inherited from the primary finite cell of version 1. No equality to a zeta statistic, or to an unrounded random-matrix expectation, is assumed. The baseline atom problem imposes mass $64$ and \begin{equation}\label{eq:base} b_1(1-\varepsilon)\le E[F_1]\le b_1(1+\varepsilon). \end{equation} The augmented problem adds \begin{align} b_2(1-\varepsilon)&\le E[F']\le b_2(1+\varepsilon),\label{eq:fp}\\ |E[C']-b_3|&\le\varepsilon N,\label{eq:cp}\\ E[n(V)]&\le C_{\mathrm{led}}N V^{-4}\quad\hbox{for every }V>0.\label{eq:ladder} \end{align} Thus the cubic half-width is the \emph{absolute} amount $\varepsilon N=3.2$. Version 1's code used the different relative amount $\varepsilon b_3$. The witness below has $E[C']=b_3$ exactly and satisfies both conventions. No auxiliary garnish variable is needed for this theorem. \section{Exact atom-only absorption}\label{sec:main} \subsection{The analytic lower bound} For any atom-only configuration and a symmetric band, the position kernel $D_B(x)=M^{-1}\sum_{j\in B}e^{-2\pi ijx/N}$ is real. Therefore \[ \tr H_B^2=\sum_{a,a'}m_am_{a'}D_B(\theta_a-\theta_{a'})^2 \ge\sum_a m_a^2. \] The terms with distinct positions are nonnegative; equality requires their kernels to vanish when both marks are positive. For integer $m\ge1$, \[ 1\ge(3m-m^2)/2,\qquad \one_{m=1}\ge2m-m^2, \] with equality in both precisely for $m\in\{1,2\}$. Summing gives \begin{equation}\label{eq:corners} E[\Nd]/N\ge\frac{3N-U}{2N},\qquad E[p_1]\ge2-\frac{U}{N} \end{equation} under the upper baseline constraint. This reasoning covers arbitrary real positions and unbounded integer mark alphabets, not merely a grid dictionary. The integrality device is classical; see \cite{CGG98}. \begin{lemma}[grid Parseval]\label{lem:grid} Let $B$ consist of $M$ consecutive integers and put $\theta_k=kN/M$, $0\le k0$ and $0<\eta\le2C$, \[ \sup_\mu\int h^3d\mu=2\sqrt{2C\eta}. \] Equality is attained by density $4Ch^{-5}$ on $(a,\infty)$ and no mass below $a$, where $a=\sqrt{2C/\eta}$. \end{theorem} \begin{proof} For $a\ge1$, $h^3\le ah^2+(h^3-ah^2)_+$. Tonelli and the tail bound give \[ \int h^3d\mu\le a\eta+ C\int_a^\infty(3h^2-2ah)h^{-4}dh =a\eta+2C/a. \] The minimizing $a=\sqrt{2C/\eta}$ is at least $1$ and gives the asserted bound. The displayed density has second moment $2C/a^2=\eta$, third moment $4C/a=2\sqrt{2C\eta}$, and tail $C\min(a^{-4},h^{-4})$, proving attainment. \end{proof} At fixed $C$ the allowed cubic shift is $o(N)$ if $\eta=o(1)$. The theorem assumes a bound at every threshold; seven threshold inequalities alone do not imply its tail estimate. Theorem~\ref{thm:main} verifies its own finite witness ladder directly, not a ladder for actual zeta matrices. \subsection{A divergent-cutoff observation in the isolated-spectrum model} Suppose $N\to\infty$, $V_0\to\infty$, and an isolated-spectrum family has mass $N$, $F=\kappa N+o(N)$, bounded cubic deficit $\Delta_NN$ with $0\le\Delta_N\le D$, and a fixed positive fraction of simple positive atoms. Choose \[ h=\min(\lfloor V_0/2\rfloor,\lfloor N^{1/4}\rfloor), \qquad k=\lceil\Delta_NN/h^3\rceil. \] Add $k$ isolated positive atoms of integer mark $h$ and delete $kh$ simple atoms. There are enough simples for large $N$, since $kh=o(N)$. The mass is unchanged, the Frobenius change is $o(N)$, and the cubic change is $\Delta_NN+o(N)$. Each added eigenvalue is below $V_0$, so rows seeing only $|\lambda|\ge V_0$ do not see the additions. The distinct and simple objectives do not increase. This elementary construction explains why a single divergent-cutoff cubic tail constraint can be ineffective in that isolated-spectrum setting. It is not a realization theorem for arbitrary interacting configurations on a fixed circle; the direct-sum and deficit assumptions are part of the claim. \section{Pair-containing classes and unresolved scope}\label{sec:limits} The analytic lower bound in Section~\ref{sec:main} uses atom-only positivity. For pairs the mixed position couplings can be negative, so that proof cannot be applied unchanged. A weaker, uniform spectral bound remains available. For a configuration containing atoms and pairs define $\Nd=\#\mathrm{atoms}+2\#\mathrm{pairs}$. Each atom block has positive inertia at most one, and each pair block $m(pq^*+qp^*)$ also has positive inertia at most one. Subadditivity gives $n_+(H)\le\#\mathrm{atoms}+\#\mathrm{pairs}\le\Nd$. Since $3x-x^2\le(9/4)\one_{x>0}$ for real $x$, \[ \Nd\ge\frac49(3N-F_1). \] At the ideal center $F_1\le(4/3)N$ this gives $\Nd/N\ge20/27$, which is weaker than the atom-only corner $5/6$. It does not establish full pair-class absorption. \paragraph{What numerical dictionary equality means.} Version 1 reported $940$ small marginal differences on accumulated column dictionaries under its implemented relative cubic slack, together with multistart pricing and finite pair-interference tests. Those are numerical observations about the searched dictionaries. Adding a new column can lower the base optimum without lowering the augmented optimum: the new column may violate an added row. An already feasible atom witness does not exclude this possibility when the true baseline optimum over a larger class is unknown. Likewise, a finite collection of near-CUE witnesses and heuristic pricing does not prove global optimality in a pinned class. Neither full-class nor pinned-class exact absorption is asserted in this revision. \paragraph{Analytic licensing.} The signed cubic budget's identification with a sine-process value and the upgrade from one spectral cutoff to an all-threshold ladder were left open in version 1. They remain open here. The classical Rudnick--Sarnak support range does not on its own identify every finite row or justify the required uniformity. The unconditional pair-correlation theorem of Baluyot--Goldston--Suriajaya--Turnage-Butterbaugh \cite{BGSTB24} is a second-order result and supplies no third-order identification. These are separate from the exact finite atom-only theorem proved above. \paragraph{Formalization.} The earlier Lean files at repository tag \texttt{paper-2026-08-28} certify selected grid Parseval and integer-corner statements. They do not certify the full LP, the revised algebraic witness, or any unresolved analytic bridge. The new witness is certified by the accompanying Arb computation; no fresh Lean build or additional kernel-checked theorem is claimed. \paragraph{Algebraic versus rational rows.} The vacancy row $F'=4128/33$ is rational, but the selected columns $A_1,A_2$ have irrational half-band Frobenius values. The companion exact polynomial check reduces their Fourier numerators modulo $\Phi_{65}$ and obtains nonconstant remainders. Thus rounding rows to decimal rationals and checking Fraction arithmetic is not an exact check of the corresponding geometric configurations. Version 1's checker also allowed positive feasibility grace; neither device is used for Theorem~\ref{thm:main}. \section*{Data, code and revision record} The accompanying \texttt{cubic-augmentation-v2-}\allowbreak\texttt{source-and-checks.zip} contains this source, exact input data, the portable Arb certificate and output, an exact cyclotomic row check, requirements, build instructions and a change record. Run \texttt{python3 certificate.py} in the archive's \texttt{anc/} folder. The input vectors in Table~\ref{tab:marks} match that file exactly. Historical version-1 numerical data remain available at the original publication record and the public repository tag \texttt{paper-2026-08-28}. Those historical computations are not invoked as exact proof certificates in this revision. The concept DOI is \href{https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22171688}{10.5281/zenodo.22171688}. \begin{thebibliography}{99} \bibitem{AF26} L. Alp\"oge and R. Furman, \emph{More than two thirds of the zeta zeros are simple and on the critical line}, arXiv:2608.13637, 2026. \bibitem{RS96} Z. Rudnick and P. Sarnak, \emph{Zeros of principal $L$-functions and random matrix theory}, Duke Math. J. \textbf{81} (1996), 269--322; \href{https://doi.org/10.1215/S0012-7094-96-08115-6}{doi:10.1215/S0012-7094-96-08115-6}. \bibitem{CGG98} J. B. Conrey, A. Ghosh and S. M. Gonek, \emph{Simple zeros of the Riemann zeta-function}, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) \textbf{76} (1998), 497--522; \href{https://doi.org/10.1112/S0024611598000306}{doi:10.1112/S0024611598000306}. \bibitem{BGSTB24} S. A. C. Baluyot, D. A. Goldston, A. I. Suriajaya and C. L. Turnage-Butterbaugh, \emph{An unconditional Montgomery theorem for pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta function}, Acta Arith. \textbf{214} (2024), 357--376; arXiv:2306.04799. \bibitem{Arb} F. Johansson, \emph{Arb: efficient arbitrary-precision midpoint-radius interval arithmetic}, IEEE Trans. Comput. \textbf{66} (2017), 1281--1292; \href{https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2690633}{doi:10.1109/TC.2017.2690633}. \end{thebibliography} \end{document}